During the making of Horse Reality, we've learned A LOT about horse colors. We couldn't have done it without all these great resources, and we want to share them with you, too!

Laboratories

  1. UC Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory:
    https://vgl.ucdavis.edu/
  2. Generatio Center for Animal Genetics:
    https://generatio.de/en/services/dna-tests-horses
  3. Animal Genetics
    https://animalgenetics.com/equine-services/

Pedigree databases

  1. Allbreedpedigree:
    https://www.allbreedpedigree.com/
  2. Horsetelex
    https://www.horsetelex.com/home
  3. Sporthorse Data
    https://sporthorse-data.com/pedigree
  4. Sukuposti
    http://www.sukuposti.net/site/index

Books

  1. Bellone R., Sponenberg D. P., Equine Color Genetics, 4th Edition, 2017, ‎Wiley-Blackwell
  2. Bowling A., Ruvinsky A., 2000, The Genetics of the Horse, 2000
  3. Pickeral T., The Majesty of the Horse: An Illustrated History, HarperCollins Publishers Limited, 2012

Articles

  1. An, T.; Dugarjaviin, M.; Han, H. Expression and Analysis of TBX3 Gene in the Skin from Three Locations on Dun Mongolian Bider Horse; Genes (2024); dOI: 0.3390/genes15121589
  2. Andersson L. White horses - non-coding sequences drive premature hair greying and predisposition to melanoma; Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences (2024); Doi: 10.48101/ujms.v129.10626
  3. Bisbee D, Carpenter ML, Hoefs-Martin K, Brooks SA, Lafayette C.; Identification of a novel missense variant in SLC45A2 associated with dilute snowdrop phenotype in Gypsy horses; Animal Genetics (2020); Doi: 10.1111/age.12913
  4. Cieslak J, Brooks SA, Wodas L, Mantaj W, Borowska A, Sliwowska JH, Ziarniak K, Mackowski M.; Genetic Background of the Polish Primitive Horse (Konik) Coat Color Variation-New Insight into Dun Dilution Phenotypic Effect; Journal of Heredity Hered. (2021); Doi: 10.1093/jhered/esab034
  5. Corbin LJ, Pope J, Sanson J, Antczak DF, Miller D, Sadeghi R, Brooks SA.; An Independent Locus Upstream of ASIP Controls Variation in the Shade of the Bay Coat Colour in Horses; Genes (2020); Doi: 10.3390/genes11060606
  6. Druml T, Grilz-Seger G, Horna M, Brem G.; Discriminant analysis of colour measurements reveals allele dosage effect of ASIP/MC1R in bay horses; Czech J. Anim. Sci. (2018); Doi: 10.17221/105/2017-CJAS
  7. Henner J., Poncet P.A., Guérin G., Hagger C., Stranzinger G., Rieder S.; Genetic mapping of the (G)-locus, responsible for the coat color phenotype "progressive greying with age" in horses (Equus caballus); Mammalian Genome (2002) doi: 10.1007/s00335-002-2174-7
  8. Holl H.M., Pflug K.M., Yates K.M., Hoefs-Martin K., Shepard C., Cook D.G., Lafayette C., Brooks S.A.; A candidate gene approach identifies variants in SLC45A2 that explain dilute phenotypes, pearl and sunshine, in compound heterozygote horses; Animal Genetics (2019); Doi: 10.1111/age.12790
  9. Imsland, F., McGowan, K., Rubin, C. J., Henegar, C., Sundstrom, E., Berglund, J., Schwochow, D., Gustafson, U., Imsland, P., Lindblad-Toh, K., Lindgren, G., Mikko, S., Millon, L., Wade, C., Schubert, M., Orlando, L., Penedo, M. C., Barsh, G. S., & Andersson, L.; Regulatory mutations in TBX3 disrupt asymmetric hair pigmentation that underlies Dun camouflage color in horses; Nature Genetics (2015); Doi: 10.1038/ng.3475
  10. Locke, M. M., Ruth, L. S., Millon, L .V., Penedo, M. C. T., Murray, J. D., & Bowling, A. T.; The cream dilution gene, responsible for the palomino and buckskin coat colours, maps to horse chromosome 21. Animal Genetics (2001); doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2001.00806.x
  11. Masuda M. Tsunoda J., Nomura H., Kimura N., Altangerel G., Namkhai B., Dolj U., Yokohama Y.; New Primitive Marking (Bider) in Mongolian Native Horse and Equus przewalskii; Journal of Equine Science (2007); Doi: 10.1294/jes.18.145
  12. Mariat, D., Taourit, S., & Guérin, G.; A mutation in the MATP gene causes the cream coat colour in the horse. Genetics Selection Evolution (2003); doi: 10.1051/gse:2002039
  13. Marklund, L., Moller, M. J., Sandberg, K., & Andersson, L.; A missense mutation in the gene for melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MCIR) is associated with the chestnut coat color in horses, Mammalian Genome, 1996; 10.1007/s003359900264
  14. Neves, A.P.; Schwengber, E.B.; Albrecht, F.F.; Isola, J.V.; De Salles van der Linden, L; Beyond fifty shades: The genetics of horse colours; Trends and Advances in Veterinary Genetics; 2017 10.5772/65848
  15. Rieder, S., Taourit, S., Mariat, D., Langlois, B., Guerin, G.; Mutations in the agouti (ASIP), the extension (MC1R), and the brown (TYRP1) loci and their association to coat color phenotypes in horses (Equus caballus); Mammalian Genome (2001) Doi: 10.1007/s003350020017
  16. Rosengren Pielberg G., Golovko A., Sundström E., Curik I., Lennartsson J., Seltenhammer M.H., Druml T., Binns M., Fitzsimmons C., Lindgren G., Sandberg K., Baumung R., Vetterlein M., Strömberg S., Grabherr M., Wade C., Lindblad-Toh K., Pontén F., Heldin CH., Sölkner J., Andersson L.; A cis-acting regulatory mutation causes premature hair graying and susceptibility to melanoma in the horse; Nature Genetics (2008); Doi: 10.1038/ng.185
  17. Rubin C.J., Hodge M., Naboulsi R., Beckman M., Bellone R.R., Kallenberg A., J'Usrey S., Ohmura H., Seki K., Furukawa R., Ohnuma A., Davis B.W., Tozaki T., Lindgren G., Andersson L.; An intronic copy number variation in Syntaxin 17 determines speed of greying and melanoma incidence in Grey horses; Nature Communications. (2024); Doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-51898-2
  18. Sevane, N., Sanz, C.R., Dunner, S., Sevane, N., Sanz, C.R., Dunner, S.; Explicit evidence for a missense mutation in exon 4 of SLC45A2 gene causing the pearl coat dilution in horses; Animal Genetics (2019); Doi: 10.1111/age.12784
  19. Swinburne J.E., Hopkins A., Binns M.M.; Assignment of the horse grey coat colour gene to ECA25 using whole genome scanning; Animal Genetics (2002); Doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00895.x
  20. Wagner, H-J., & Reissmann, M.; New polymorphism detected in the horse MC1R gene; Animal Genetics, 2000; 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2000.00655.x